The administrative fee is a flat rate of $1 per month. Participants also pay a 0.03% total asset-based fee. All eligible employees can enroll in the PERA 401 (k) plan. This is a defined contribution plan that employees can choose whether to contribute funds before or after tax. The pretax option lowers your taxable income now.The sign on Colorado PERA headquarters in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Denver on Sept. 18, 2018. (Eric Lubbers, The Colorado Sun) Colorado lawmakers in 2018 set out to fix a $32 billion problem confronting the state’s public-pension program, and by all accounts, they appear to have succeeded. In its latest financial statements, the …Colorado legislature email addresses ending in @state.co.us are no longer active.Please replace @state.co.us with @coleg.gov for Colorado legislature email addresses. Details The effective date for bills enacted without a safety clause is August 7, 2024, if the General Assembly adjourns sine die on May 8, 2024, unless otherwise specified. PERA is administered under Article 51 of Title 24 of the Colorado Revised Statutes. PERA is a substitute for Social Security for most participating public employees. PERA benefits are pre-funded; while a member is working both the employer and the employee contribute a fixed percentage of the employee’s salary to the retirement trust fund. Add or update your beneficiary. It only takes a few minutes to ensure your CRA assets pass on to those you intend. Colorado Pera member (Unfortunately) Customer Review Rating. 1/5 stars. Average of 3 Customer Reviews. Contact Information. 1301 Pennsylvania Street. Denver, CO 80203. Visit Website (303) 832-9550. AMBA is proud to announce the upcoming series of educational seminars for retired school and public employees in Colorado. CSPERA partnered with AMBA as the exclusive association benefits providers for members. These short webinars provide valuable resources and information about important topics like Long Term Care, Medicare, Medical ... Get more information for Colorado Pera in Denver, CO. See reviews, map, get the address, and find directions. Search MapQuest. Hotels. Food. Shopping. Coffee. Grocery. Gas. Colorado Pera (303) 832-9550. Website. ... Colorado Dispute Resolution. Penn Center Security Guard Station. Denver Public Schools Retiremnt Sys. Judiciary Courts of the St ...Rights, benefits, and obligations regarding PERA are governed by Title 24, Article 51 of Colorado Revised Statutes, and the Rules of the Colorado Public Employees' Retirement Association, which take precedence over any information on this Site.Colorado PERA provides retirement and other benefits to nearly 670,000 current and former teachers, State Troopers, corrections officers, snowplow drivers, and other public employees who provide valuable service to all of Colorado. PERA is a vital and stable contributor to Colorado's economy, distributing more than $5.2 billion in 2022 to ...The state legislature established the Colorado Public Employees' Retirement Association (PERA) in 1931 to provide a pension benefit to state and local government employees, predating the federal Social Security Act of 1935 by four years. PERA is administered under Article 51 of Title 24 of the Colorado Revised Statutes.Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. ...Colorado Public Employees’ Retirement Association 1301 Pennsylvania Street • Denver, Colorado 80203 • 303-832-9550 • 1-800-759-PERA (7372) • www.copera.org February 2014Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an …The public employees' retirement association (PERA) board (board) is required to create an exclusion list of all fossil fuel companies in whose stocks, securities, equities, assets, or other obligations PERA has any money or assets directly invested. ... Colorado legislature email addresses ending in @state.co.us are no longer active. Please ...In 2021, PERA marked its 90th year of providing retirement and other benefits to Colorado’s public employees. When PERA was established in 1931 by the Colorado General Assembly, the Association had fewer than 1,500 members and just $63,000 in assets. Today, PERA manages more than $76.8 billion on behalf of nearly …COLORADO STATE INCOME TAX PERA can withhold Colorado state income tax if you request it. PERA does not withhold taxes for any other state. Withholding for Colorado state income tax may not be necessary if your primary residence is outside the state of Colorado, or if your taxable pension income is less than $20,000 ($24,000 if you are age 65 or ...The University of Colorado aims to empower all employees to secure their financial stability in retirement. All eligible employees must participate in one of three mandatory plans, and as a state employer, some CU employees are eligible to participate in a Public Employees' Retirement Association (PERA) plan. PERA offers two plan options, a Defined Benefit (DB) plan and a Defined ... You may request a duplicate 1099-R by calling PERA's Customer Service Center at 800-759-7372. Duplicates are printed overnight and mailed daily from February 1 through April 15. You may also view and print your past 1099-R forms by logging in to your account. Duplicates are available for the current tax year and the previous five years. Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. PERA staff and is the responsibility of PERA management. It is intended to provide complete and reliable information as a basis for making management decisions, determining compliance with legal provisions, and determining responsible stewardship of assets contributed by the members and their employers. Overview of Colorado PERA Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. ...The following information for plan year 2022 is now available for reference on PERA's Secure Transfer And Reporting System (STARS) to assist Colorado PERA-affiliated employers with their reporting of GASB Statement 68 and Statement 75: An nual Comprehensive Financial Report (ACFR) for the year ended December 31, 2022 Schedule of Employer and Nonemployer Allocations and Schedule of Collective ...Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. ...Colorado PERA provides retirement and other benefits to more than 620,000 current and former teachers, State Troopers, corrections officers, snow-plow drivers, and other public employees who provide valuable service to all of Colorado. PERA is a vital and stable contributor to Colorado’s economy, distributing $4 billion in 2019 to …All individuals who are participants in Colorado PERA are eligible and highly encouraged to join CSPERA, Colorado School and Public Employees Retirement Association. Whether you are just entering the field, been working 15 years, or getting ready to retire, you can reap the advantage of being a member of CSPERA.Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. ...First, under Colorado law, a court cannot forcibly divide a PERA account. This means that, without agreement, the judge or magistrate hearing your divorce case cannot give your spouse a portion of your PERA account. This is different than any other type of retirement account which can be divided by a special order to avoid adverse tax ...Colorado PERA officials place blame on the Colorado General Assembly for creating the latest PERA financial downturn: "Other notable factors (for the downturn in PERA's fiscal position) include employers not contributing the actuarially determined contribution rates, the sale of purchased service credit at rates below actuarial costs, and ...Colorado PERA, Denver, Colorado. 12,875 likes · 13 talking about this · 60 were here. Official Facebook page of Colorado PERA. PERA provides retirement benefits to 670k+ public employees.Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. ...At the September 11, 2020, Board meeting, Colorado PERA's Board of Trustees held a rules hearing to discuss changes to its rules, which govern much of PERA's day-to-day operations. These changes involve removing criteria for determining whether certain payments are considered PERA-includable salary and will be effective January 1, 2021.Amy Grant. Position: Non-voting, Ex Officio Member. Term: Expires: June 30, 2028. Appointing Authority: DPS Division Members and Retirees. Amy Grant was first elected to the PERA Board of Trustees in 2012. She began her career with Denver Public Schools in 1991 and is a retired office….Once you’ve purchased years with PERA, your defined benefit is guaranteed by the state of Colorado. Built into your cost to purchase service credit are a variety of factors, including demographic factors like life expectancy, economic factors like employment and wage growth, and market factors like investment returns. The administrative fee is a flat rate of $1 per month. Participants also pay a 0.03% total asset-based fee. All eligible employees can enroll in the PERA 401 (k) plan. This is a defined contribution plan that employees can choose whether to contribute funds before or after tax. The pretax option lowers your taxable income now. Colorado's Public Employees' Retirement Association (PERA) system is going broke. Colorado's teachers, firefighters, and state troopers are among PERA's 560,000 members who are expecting retirement benefits in 20 or 30 years, but who, under the current system, may not be able to actually receive them.The IRS increased contribution limits for individual retirement accounts (IRAs), as well as 401 (k), 403 (b), and most 457 plans. The maximum amount a worker can contribute to 401 (k)/403 (b)/457 plans is $23,000 in 2024, an increase of $500. The IRA contribution limit also increased $500 to $7,000. Catch-up contribution limits remain unchanged ...Welcome PERA Members. Whether you're new to PERA, in the middle of your career, or preparing for retirement, we want to ensure that you are set up for success when you …Our Approach. Colorado PERA's overall approach to investment stewardship is straightforward: Seek out quality investments that are expected to provide the best risk-adjusted returns to PERA's portfolio over the long term. We break down this approach to financial sustainability into four parts. PROTECT Protect members' interests by watching costs.The Colorado PERA Board of Trustees approved the release of the 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (Annual Report) during its Board meeting on June 19.. The Annual Report is a detailed summary of PERA's investment performance, funded status and membership information for the 2020 calendar year. "This report reflects the ways in which we met the challenges faced in a highly unusual ...Rights, benefits, and obligations regarding PERA are governed by Title 24, Article 51 of Colorado Revised Statutes, and the Rules of the Colorado Public Employees' Retirement Association, which take precedence over any information on this Site.The Colorado PERA Board of Trustees approved the release of the 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (Annual Report) during its Board meeting on June 19.. The Annual Report is a …In 2009, the general assembly enacted legislation to merge the Denver public schools retirement system into the public employees' retirement association (PERA), effective January 1, 2010. The merger legislation created a Denver public schools (DPS) division within PERA and set the employer and member contribution rates for that division.Colorado Springs, CO 80911. From $53,500 a year. Full-time. 8 hour shift. Apply Online at wsd3.org JOB TITLE: Special Education Coach - TOSA SALARY: According to placement on current salary schedule All employees are…. Active 2 days ago.Term-Certain Benefit Option for Surviving Spouse. The member must be vested and actively employed in a PERA covered position at the time of death in order for the spouse to be eligible for the term-certain option. The term-certain options would provide monthly benefits over 10, 15 or 20 years.WEP reduces the earned Social Security benefit using a formula that is based on earnings and payroll tax contributions to the Social Security system. In 2023, the maximum monthly reduction is the lesser of $557.50 or one-half of your PERA monthly benefit. For more information, view Social Security's Windfall Elimination Provision online fact sheet.Colorado PERA provides retirement and other benefits to more than 620,000 current and former teachers, State Troopers, snowplow drivers, correction s officers, and other public employees who provide valuable services to all of Colorado. PERA is a vital and stable contributor to Colorado's economy, distributing $4.1 billion in 2019 to retirees ...Colorado’s pension system missed out on millions of dollars in potential investment revenue as a result of lawmakers’ decision last year to park money in a low-interest bank account, according to an analysis by nonpartisan legislative staff. ... PERA has more than $30 billion in unfunded future obligations to pensioners. Lawmakers must now ...Rights, benefits, and obligations regarding PERA are governed by Title 24, Article 51 of Colorado Revised Statutes, and the Rules of the Colorado Public Employees' Retirement Association, which take precedence over any information on this Site.Upcoming PERA Office Closures. December 25, 2023. January 1, 2024. January 15, 2024. February 19, 2024. Review the information below for upcoming mailings, changes, and closures. Please allow at least five business days for postal delivery after a….Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. ...Colorado Public Employees' Retirement Association 1301 Pennsylvania Street, Denver, Colorado 80203 • 800-759-PERA (7372) • copera.org March 2024. Colorado PERA's Website. Colorado PERA's Website. 2 Colorado PERA Account Access Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. PERA is the 21st largest public pension plan in the United States. Established by State law in 1931, PERA operates by authority of the Colorado General Assembly and is administered under Title 24, Article 51 of the Colorado Revised Statutes. Its membership includes: employees of the Colorado state government,Gabriel, Roeder, Smith & Company was engaged by the Colorado Legislative Council Staff (LCS) to review economic, non-economic, and investment assumptions used to model PERA's financial situation, as required by Senate Bill 18-200. In particular, GRS has reviewed the assumptions used in the most recent actuarial results as of December 31, 2020.Once you've purchased years with PERA, your defined benefit is guaranteed by the state of Colorado. Built into your cost to purchase service credit are a variety of factors, including demographic factors like life expectancy, economic factors like employment and wage growth, and market factors like investment returns.What's happening: The financial pinch is precipitated by PERA's $31 billion unfunded liability. The public pension is 37% short of what's needed to cover the full cost of benefits, according to an annual report issued in late October. PERA's actuarial consultant puts the odds at 56% that the state meets the full-funding benchmark set in state ...To make matters worse, the Colorado Public Employees’ Retirement Association, or PERA, is facing what’s shaping up to be its worst year since the depths of the Great Recession. As of last week, the pension’s publicly traded holdings, which make up the bulk of its investment portfolio, were down 8% on the year, according to Amy …The bill, HB22-1029, now heads to Gov. Jared Polis for his signature. Lawmakers enacted legislation to forego the $225 million direct distribution payment to PERA in 2020 during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, when the General Assembly cut billions of dollars from the state budget. The state automatically resumed payments in 2021 ...There are more than 500 Colorado PERA-affiliated employers looking for great people at all levels, and Colorado PERA is hiring too! Visit the Affiliated Employers page on copera.org for a full list of PERA-affiliated employers across Colorado or check out our Careers page for opportunities to join the PERA team.Learn how to manage your PERA account, access health benefits, and understand how Social Security and life changes affect your monthly benefit. Find answers to common questions and contact PERA for assistance.Legislative Council Staff. Published. 06/23/2023. The state legislature established the Colorado Public Employees’ Retirement Association (PERA) in 1931 to provide a …Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. ...2022 marks the fifth year Colorado PERA has published its Investment stewardship Report, which highlights how PERA manages and invests the funds that provide retirement benefits for nearly 650,000 members.. Released each year following PERA's annual report, the Stewardship Report provides insight and transparency into PERA's investment program and its focus on financial sustainability.Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. ...Colorado Public Employees' Retirement Association PO Box 5800, Denver, Colorado 80217-5800 1-800-759-PERA (7372) • Fax: 303-863-3727 • www.copera.org. 8/301-salrp (REV 6-18) Member/ ... Colorado PERA once your final pay is known (this could be after you have stopped working). Once this form is received, PERA will process your benefit ...Together, PERA sponsors three defined contribution plans which hold assets in excess of $5 billion for some 95,000 Colorado public employees. PERA offers both defined benefit (pension) and defined contribution plans to its members. Some PERA members have the option to choose a defined contribution plan instead of the defined benefit plan. Rights, benefits, and obligations regarding PERA are governed by Title 24, Article 51 of Colorado Revised Statutes, and the Rules of the Colorado Public Employees' Retirement Association, which take precedence over any information on this Site. The PERAPlus 401 (k) Plan includes voluntary contributions made by employees of PERA-affiliated employers in the State, School, Local Government, Judicial, and Denver Public Schools Division Trust Funds. These contributions are entirely separate from those that members make to the defined benefit plan each month. Defined Contribution Plan.The state legislature established the Colorado Public Employees' Retirement Association (PERA) in 1931 to provide a pension benefit to state and local government employees, predating the federal Social Security Act of 1935 by four years. PERA is administered under Article 51 of Title 24 of the Colorado Revised Statutes.Financials at a Glance. PERA retirement benefit payments represent a steady stream of income in every county in Colorado, and provide stability to state, regional, and local economies. In 2022, PERA paid $5.2 billion in pension benefits, and, of that, $4.5 billion was paid to 112,509 PERA retirees living in Colorado.Divestment. PERA occasionally faces calls from outside groups to divest — or sell — certain investments. Because PERA serves the singular purpose of ensuring the retirement security of Colorado's current and former public servants, the PERA Board of Trustees generally opposes such efforts. At its January 2019 meeting, the PERA Board ...Colorado PERA 1-800-795-7372 copera.org. Both plans offer the same PERAdvantage investment options and Empower Retirement is the recordkeeper for both plans. 401(k) election/payroll form 401(k) form for non-PERA members PERA manages the 401(k) plan. To participate, complete a salary deferral election form and the necessary PERA application.Visitors should check in at PERA's front desk. DIRECTIONS FROM 1-70 » Exit at I-25 south and follow the directions above. ADDRESS 1301 Pennsylvania Street Denver, CO 80203 BUSINESS HOURS (MOUNTAIN TIME) Monday through Friday 7:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. PHONE 800-759-7372 Denver International Airport (DIA) Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. Established in 1931, PERA operates by authority of the . Colorado General Assembly and is administered under Title 24, Article 51, of the Colorado Revised Statutes. PERA is governed by a 16-member Board of Trustees; 12 members, including a non-voting representative from the DPS Division, are elected by the membership to serve four-year terms. Colorado PERA developed this policy in order to implement the Colorado Open Records Act, Colorado Revised Statutes § 24-72-201 et. seq... Read more » 1301 Pennsylvania Street Denver, CO 80203 Defined Contribution (DC) Plan Investments. PERA established the Voluntary Investment Program (PERAPlus 401 (k) Plan) on January 1, 1985. The PERAPlus 401 (k) Plan includes voluntary contributions…. Colorado PERA invests retirement and Health Care Trust Fund assets for the sole benefit of the members in the defined benefit plan and offers a…. It was another frustrating year for Colorado's 631,000 public pension members. Despite a banner stock market year that saw Colorado's Public Employees' Retirement Association generate 17.4% returns on its investments — more than double its target — the state's public pension still ended 2020 in worse financial shape than it started. PERA's unfunded debt to […]Online: https://coloradosecuresavings.com. The Public Employee\'s Retirement Association (PERA) provides retirement and other benefits to public employees in the …
At the September 11, 2020, Board meeting, Colorado PERA's Board of Trustees held a rules hearing to discuss changes to its rules, which govern much of PERA's day-to-day operations. These changes involve removing criteria for determining whether certain payments are considered PERA-includable salary and will be effective January 1, 2021.. Live watch coin
Secure PERA Announces 2022 Candidate Endorsements. September 21, 2022. Read More.PERA was established by the Colorado General Assembly in 1931 and is a substitute for Social Security for most of these public employees. Visit PERA's website for more information. Photos. The Penn Center. Colorado PERA logo. Also at this address. Butcher & Widlund. Suite 900. Cheating Spouse Investigations.Required minimum distributions (RMDs) are the minimum benefit amounts you must withdraw from your retirement accounts each year. With the 2022 Secure 2.0 Act, the new law increases the RMD age to: 73 for a person who attains age 72 after December 31, 2022 and age 73 before January 1, 2033, and. 75 for an individual who attains age 74 after ...To do a refund or rollover of your PERAPlus 401(k)/457 or PERA DC Plan account, call Empower at 833-4-COPERA (426-7372). Visit irs.gov to access a copy of Form W-4R. Colorado Public Employees’ Retirement Association 1301 Pennsylvania Street • Denver, CO 80203 • 800-759-PERA (7372) • copera.org. July 2023.Pension Review Commission. September 14, 2021. Ron Baker, Executive Director Amy C. McGarrity, Chief Investment Officer. Voluntary Investment Program. PERAPlus 401(k) and 457 Plans. Defined Benefit Plan. Stable benefit payments to over 121,000 retired public employees. Defined Contribution Plan.Colorado PERA Board of Trustees Names Andrew Roth as New CEO/Executive Director. PERA Board of Trustees Elects Taylor McLemore Board Vice Chair; Ashley Smith Appointed to the Board of Trustees. Colorado PERA Releases Mobile App for iOS, Android Devices. Frequently Asked Questions.The state legislature established the Colorado Public Employees' Retirement Association (PERA) in 1931 to provide a pension benefit to state and local government employees, predating the federal Social Security Act of 1935 by four years. PERA is administered under Article 51 of Title 24 of the Colorado Revised Statutes.Colorado legislature email addresses ending in @state.co.us are no longer active.Please replace @state.co.us with @coleg.gov for Colorado legislature email addresses. Details The effective date for bills enacted without a safety clause is August 7, 2024, if the General Assembly adjourns sine die on May 8, 2024, unless otherwise specified.Colorado took a positive step towards improving the solvency of its public sector retirement system—the Colorado Public Employees' Retirement Association (PERA)—through the recent passage of Senate Bill 18-200 (SB200), bipartisan legislation that changes pension contributions, cost-of-living adjustments, and the retirement age for future workers, all while expanding access to the ...Colorado PERALate Wednesday evening, May 9, the Colorado General Assembly voted to approve Senate Bill 18-200, sending legislation that will return PERA to full funding over 30 years to the Governor for his signature. All stakeholders—PERA members, retirees and employers—will be impacted by the legislation. It will reset PERA's path to financial ...When Colorado PERA was established in August of 1931, Social Security did not exist. After hearing from a group of state employees who wanted a way to plan and save for retirement, the Colorado General Assembly acted to create the State Employees’ Retirement Association (SERA). At first, only state employees were covered by SERA.of the Public Employees' Retirement Association of Colorado (PERA) as of December 31, 202.2 All calculations have been made in conformity with generally accepted actuarial principles and practices, and with the Actuarial Standards of Practice issued by the Actuarial Standards Board. In our opinion the results presented also comply with ColoradoCOLORADO: Colorado's Public Employees Retirement Association (PERA), which manages the pensions of half a million current and former state employees, and California state pension funds CalSTRS and CalPERS lost over $19 billion in returns by not divesting from fossil fuel stocks ten years ago, according to new analyses performed by media and analysis firm Corporate Knights.Colorado Public Employees' Retirement Association PO Box 5800, Denver, CO 80217-5800 800-759-PERA (7372) • copera.org 8/3-refund (REV 7-23) Member SSN 3 This form is only to REFUND your PERA Defined Benefit (DB) Plan account(s). If you want to roll over your account(s), use the Rollover Request form on page 7.Colorado PERA is fully committed to providing accessible facilities, elements and channels of communication to all members of the public. As part of this commitment, Colorado PERA has a policy of providing an accessible website compatible with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1) and commercial screen reading software. ...The act expands a program, which had been scheduled to repeal on July 1, 2023, that allows a public employees' retirement association (PERA) service retiree to work full-time without any reduction in the service retiree's retirement benefits for a rural school district that has a critical shortage of qualified individuals with specific experience, skills, or qualifications that the service ....